COI Services

165 elementer Udtræk: Maj 2026

Community of Interest-tjenester – missions- og domænespecifikke tjenester oven på kernetjenesterne.

CI-1000 Community of Interest Services
The Community of Interest (COI) Services provide functions to support operations, exercises and routine activities for every single, and every possible combination of, communities of interest across all military domains and functions. Community of Interest Services represent a collection of technical services at the back-end of communications and information systems (CIS) capabilities, focused on one or many collaborative groups of users with shared goals, interests, missions or business processes. These services are primarily meant to directly support and enable user applications and service consumption. In the context of the C3 Taxonomy, COI services are facilitating specific military domains and functions, enabling corresponding user applications and connecting these to the core services in the back-end. The second layer of the associated taxonomy specifies two main categories: • COI-Specific Services – to provide functionality as required by user communities in support of operations, exercises and routine activities. These COI-specific services may have been previously referred to as "functional services" or "functional area services". • COI-Enabling Services – to provide COI-dependent functionality required by more than one community of interest. They are similar to core services in that they provide building blocks for domain-specific service development. The distinction between the two is that core services provide generic COI-independent capabilities for the entire enterprise (e.g. collaboration and information management services) and COI-enabling services provide those COI-dependent services that are typically shared by a group of communities (e.g. operational planning and situational awareness capabilities). A second distinction is that COI-enabling services tend to be specific for C3 processes whereas core services tend to be more generic and can be used by any business or enterprise.
- CI-1023 COI-Specific Services
  The Community of Interest (COI)-Specific Services provide functions to support operations, exercises and routine activities required by specific user communities. These services may have been previously referred to as "functional services" or "functional area services".
  - CI-1061 Joint Domain Services
    The Joint Domain Services provide functions to manage Joint Operations with unique computing and information services capabilities. The services support the set of military activities in which elements of at least two services participate as joint Forces. When Joint Operations are carried out by military forces of two or more nations, they are known as Combined Joint Operations.
    CI-1116 Surface Area Management Services
    The Surface Area Management Services provide functions to manage requests and allocation of two-dimensional (2-D) surface areas. The services support the determination of resource availability, deconfliction and scheduling of 2-D areas.
    
    CI-1025 CONOPS Development Services
    The Concept of Operations (CONOPS) Development Services provide functions to facilitate the collaborative planning and the structured development of products for the concept of operations. These services support the development and articulation of the components in the concepts of operations. For example, these will include missions and objectives for subordinate commanders, critical timings and events, information and intelligence requirements, targeting guidance, rules of engagement (ROE), details about CIMIC and Force Protection, and more.
    
    CI-1027 Crisis Response Measures Services
    The Crisis Response Measures Services provide functions to plan applications, specifically with regards to the planning or responses to crisis situations and operations.
    
    CI-1050 Force Generation and Activation Services
    The Force Generation and Activation Services provide functions to manage the established force package for operations based on confirmed contributions and support planners in the assessment of strategic and operational risks resulting from shortfalls in critical capabilities. They also support the management of information concerning the lines of communications, entry points, arrival sequence, timings, final destination and Transfer of Authority for each element of a force package entering the theatre.
  - CI-1005 Air Domain Services
    The Air Domain Services provide functions to manage air operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of military activities that are conducted by air forces to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air, influence events on land and along coastal areas, and, as required, support operations in the other operational domains.
    CI-1092 Recognized Air Picture Services
    The Recognized Air Picture (RAP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognized Air Picture. These services generate a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the air environment through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources.
    
    CI-1003 Aeronautical Information Services
    The Aeronautical Information Services provide functions to ensure the flow of information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation.
    
    CI-1004 Air Asset List Services
    The Air Asset List Services provide functions to create, update and prioritize information objects in the form of an asset list. The services allow for the management of multiple asset lists, including, but not limited to: the Critical Asset List (CAL), and the Joint Prioritized Critical Asset List (JPCAL).
    
    CI-1001 Airspace Control Order Services
    The Airspace Control Order (ACO) Services provide functions to create, update, manage, validate, consume and disseminate Airspace Control Orders.
    
    CI-1014 Air Tasking Order Services
    The Air Tasking Order (ATO) Services provide functions to create, maintain and manage the information object representing the Air Tasking Orders.
    
    CI-1010 Airspace Management Services
    The Airspace Management Services provide functions to allocate, manage and deconflict the air space by implementing, specifying and providing guidance on Fire Support Control Measures (FSCMs) and Airspace Control Means (ACMs).
    
    CI-1011 Airspace Structure Management Services
    The Airspace Structure Management Services provide functions to create, maintain, update, de-conflict and prioritize the information objects representing airspace structures. Airspace structures are divided into two main categories: controlled airspace and uncontrolled airspace. In controlled airspace, aircraft in the air or on the ground, receive Air Traffic Control (ATC) service in accordance with the airspace categorization. In uncontrolled airspace, all aircraft do their own separation according to general rules.
    
    CI-1009 Airlift Services
    The Airlift Services provide functions to create, update manage and prioritize execution processes and communications connectivity for tasking and coordination of airlift operations.
    
    CI-1007 Air Threat Analysis Services
    The Air Threat Analysis Services provide functions to automate threat ranking and notification of airborne vehicles according to a pre-configured set of threat ranking criteria.
    
    CI-1008 Air Weapon Matching Services
    The Air Weapon Matching Services provide functions to match targets to platforms able to achieve desired effects (lethal and non-lethal) whilst minimizing undesirable effects (e.g collateral damage). The services offer the best combination of aircraft, missiles, weapons, yields, heights of burst, fuses and delivery tactics to use against individual targets.
    
    CI-1006 Air Mobility Analysis Services
    The Air Mobility Analysis Services provide functions to analyze, de-conflict and manage all air mobility operations into, out of, and within multiple Areas of Responsibility (AOR) and/or Joint Operations Areas (JOA).
    
    CI-1168 AMD Defence Design Services
    The Air and Missile Defence (AMD) Defence Design Services provide functions to create, update, manage, analyse and validate AMD defence designs. The air and missile defence design determines the level of protection of defended assets (and areas) resulting in a Joint Prioritized Defended Asset List (JPDAL).
    
    CI-1167 Ballistic Missile Risk and Impact Services
    The Ballistic Missile (BM) Risk and Impact Services provide functions to create and manage information related to areas that can be impacted by a BM event, such as an impact or intercept.
    
    CI-1169 AMD Tactical C2 Operations Services
    The Air and Missile Defence (AMD) Tactical Command and Control (C2) Operations Services provide functions to control and manage the executions of assigned (fire/sensor units) tasks/orders, and management and monitoring of the operational (readiness) status and location of units and systems.
    
    CI-1170 Air Threat Management and Engagement Services
    The Air Threat Management and Engagement Services provide functions that allow the assignment of air threats to fire units, engagement monitoring, execution, coordination, and engagement status reporting.
    
    CI-1171 AMD Mission Reporting Services
    The Air and Missile Defence (AMD) Mission Reporting Services provide functions that enable the provision of timely and concise reports providing critical support to the decision-making process.
    
    CI-1172 Air Surveillance Services
    The Air Surveillance Services provide functions allowing for the systematic observation of air space by electronic, visual or other means, primarily for the purpose of identifying and determining the movements of aircraft and missiles, friendly and enemy. This includes the surveillance, detection, identification and tracking of objects.
    
    CI-1173 Air Operations Directive Services
    The Air Operations Directive Services provide functions to create, update, manage, and disseminate Air Operations Directives (AODs).
    
    CI-1174 Air Defence Planning Services
    The Air Defence Planning Services provide functions to enable the integration and coordination of joint air defence (AD) capabilities of each force component into an air defence plan (ADP), the application of the principles of AD to counter adversarial activities within the constraints of the Rules of Engagement (ROE), the adoption and promulgation of common procedures for air battle management and identification, and the reduction of mutual interference.
  - CI-1067 Maritime Domain Services
    The Maritime Domain Services provide functions to manage maritime operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of military activities that are conducted by maritime air, surface, sub-surface and amphibious forces to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the surface, sub-surface, and air above the sea, influence events ashore, and, as required, support operations in the other operational domains.
    CI-1100 Recognized Maritime Picture Services
    The Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP) Services provide functions to create, manage and disseminate the Recognized Maritime Picture. These services generate a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the maritime environment through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources. It also provides data on the current and historical information of object data, e.g. tracks, vessels, figures, ports and special points. The information related to both combatant and non-combatant vessels builds the Maritime Operational Picture (MOP), in the broadest sense, which consists of all kinds of maritime operational objects available.
    
    CI-1066 Maritime Anomaly Detection Services
    The Maritime Anomaly Detection Services provide functions to monitor and alert about merchant shipping behaviour that differs from the expected behaviour. Maritime shipping anomalies include, but are not limited to: ships outside shipping lanes; ships that loiter at drift, that rendezvous, or hug the coast; ships that suddenly accelerate to leave an area; ships in high interest areas known for smuggling, and AIS ship identification (MMSI, Name, IMO, Call Sign) discrepancies.
    
    CI-1012 Amphibious Warfare Services
    The Amphibious Warfare Services provide functions to automatically determine delay and distance measurements, Position of Intended Movement (PIM), Closest Point of Approach (CPA) interception directions, Modified Surf Index (MSI) values and suitability of landing areas.
    
    CI-1079 Naval Mine Warfare Services
    The Naval Mine Warfare (NMW) Services provide functions to support management of various types of NMW data such as mines, intelligence information, NMW areas and plans. These services also include functions related to Mine Countermeasures (MCM) planning, evaluation, and risk assessment. Additionally, the support for mine hunting SONAR is provided to estimate probability of detection and categorization of echoes.
    
    CI-1115 Subsurface Warfare Services
    The Subsurface Warfare Services provide functions to perform computational analysis related to Water Space Management (WSM) and Prevention of Mutual Interference (PMI) of subsurface vessels. When WSM/PMI Area is created, the authorized user can initiate an interference check. The checking process compares the areas and reports all conflicts between areas, tracks, grid assignments, and area sequences for surface and subsurface operations.
    
    CI-1068 Maritime Vessel Management Services
    The Maritime Vessel Management Services provide functions to manage data related to all naval units, merchant vessels, fishing vessels, pleasure crafts and government ships like coastguard, police, customs and research. The services provide the facilities to maintain the Vessel Database. This database accumulates the information from various data sources such as nation reports, intelligence reports and data links. It enables the analysis and correlation of data, and the association of available tracks with vessels in the Vessel Database. The database provides detailed, static information for those Tracks and stores the history. Authorized users can update the static attributes of Vessels, such as its activity, status, capabilities, and image.
  - CI-1062 Land Domain Services
    The Land Domain Services provide functions to manage land (ground) operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of military activities that are conducted by Land Forces to attain and maintain a desired degree of control within the Area of Responsibility (AOR) on land, and, as required, support operations in the other operational domains.
    CI-1097 Recognized Ground Picture Services
    The Recognized Ground Picture (RGP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognised Ground Picture. This picture is the compilation of validated data relating to a defined ground area that is disseminated to enable situational awareness and support decision making at all levels. The services support the development of the RGP through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources.
    
    CI-1065 Manoeuver Planning Services
    The Manoeuver Planning Services provide functions to establish manoeuver corridors, Angles of Attack (AOAs), and optimal path, taking into account constraints-imposed unit formations, equipment, topography and coverage areas.
    
    CI-1121 Task Time Location Management Services
    The Task Time Location Management Services provide functions to manage temporal and location constraints on an assigned task. The services support both branch and sequel courses of action.
    
    CI-1125 Terrain Analyzer Services
    The Terrain Analyzer Services provide functions to identify constraints and opportunities driven by the terrain through analysis of sensor coverage, weapon coverage, communication coverage and topography.
    
    CI-1120 Task Classifier Services
    The Task Classifier Services provide functions to classify assigned, implied and supported tasks into standardized force tasks terms.
    
    CI-1049 Force Comparison Services
    The Force Comparison Services provide functions to support the quantitative and qualitative comparison of forces and the specification of the Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Performance (MOPs) for force component combinations.
  - CI-1112 Space Domain Services
    The Space Domain Services provide functions to manage space operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of military activities that are conducted by dedicated forces to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of space, influence events on earth, and, as required, support operations in the other operational domains.
    CI-1144 Recognized Space Picture Services
    The Recognized Space Picture (RSpP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognised Space Picture. These services generate a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the air environment through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources. The picture includes data from space-based phenomena such as (satellite) communications, electromagnetic warfare (EW), imaging and radar intelligence, Strategic Early Warning (SEW) and the monitoring of spacial objects and debris.
    
    CI-1083 Operational Space Support Services
    The Operational Space Support (OSS) Services provide functions to receive and process space data and products from nations, military, civilian and commercial entities in support of operations across multiple operational domains.
    
    CI-1110 Space Domain Awareness Services
    The Space Domain Awareness (SDA) Services provide functions to build, maintain and share a common understanding of the space environment including threats and vulnerabilities that have the potential to affect operations, missions and functions. The services include, but are not limited to, means to elaborate and share the Recognized Space Picture (RSP).
    
    CI-1111 Space Domain Coordination Services
    The Space Domain Coordination (SDC) Services provide functions to ensure the coordination of space effects across all operational domains.
  - CI-1029 Cyberspace Domain Services
    The Cyberspace Domain Services provide functions to manage cyberspace operations with unique computing and information capabilities. These operations employ cyberspace capabilities to obtain or retain freedom of maneuver in cyberspace, to accomplish joint force commander's objectives, deny freedom of action to the threat, and enable operations in the other operational domains. The capabilities are integrated into the joint force commander's plans and synchronized with other operations across the range of military operations.
    CI-1094 Recognized Cyber Picture Services
    The Recognized Cyber Picture (RCP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the correlated and fused cyber picture, providing enhanced situational awareness of the cyber domain, including a near-real-time representation of on-going activities and their relationships. The main components contributing to Situational Awareness (SA) in cyberspace are (1) the status of own or friendly cyber terrain, (2) intelligence regarding adversaries, and (3) cyberspace information of specific interest to the mission.
    
    CI-1031 Cyberspace Operations Planning Services
    The Cyberspace Operations Planning Services provide functions to integrate cyberspace aspects into the strategic and operational planning process, addressing the need to maintain Command and Control (C2) of the operation and ensure that effects delivered in or through different domains are orchestrated. By themselves, these services are not unique to cyberspace; by recognizing cyberspace as a domain, cyber should be fully integrated into existing processes and operations planning services.
    
    CI-1030 Cyberspace Effects Coordination Services
    The Cyberspace Effects Coordination Services provide functions to coordinate cyberspace operations with unique computing and information capabilities. Activities in cyberspace must be optimized and de-conflicted to maximize the effectiveness of operations conducted by Nations in Cyberspace. The services support users to request specific cyberspace effects for defined planning periods. The services enable providers of those effects a means for sharing of restrictions and other utilization guidance for the use of cyberspace.
    
    CI-1032 Cyberspace Threat Analysis Services
    The Cyberspace Threat Analysis Services facilitate a systematic, ongoing process known as the "Intelligence Preparation of the Cyber Environment," which involves analyzing threats and environmental factors in cyberspace. This process typically includes three key steps: defining the operational cyberspace environment to understand the scope and context, evaluating threats and adversaries to identify potential risks, and determining threat or adversary courses of action (COAs) to anticipate future developments and develop appropriate defensive strategies.
  - CI-1055 Intelligence and ISR Functional Services
    The Intelligence and the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Functional Services provide functions to manage intelligence and ISR support to operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of military activities that are undertaken to receive commander's direction, proactively collect information, analyze it, produce useful predictive intelligence and disseminate it in a timely manner to those who need to know.
    CI-1098 Recognized Intelligence Picture Services
    The Recognized Intelligence Picture (RIP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognized Intelligence Picture (RIP). This picture is the compilation of validated data relating to a defined area of interest that is disseminated to enable situational awareness and support decision making at all levels.
    
    CI-1054 Intelligence Analysis Services
    The Intelligence Analysis Services provide functions to support Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operating Environment (JIPOE) and Targeting (Joint Effects) processes. During the JIPOE process, new intelligence requirements are identified and entered into the Intelligence Cycle. For Joint Effects process the Intelligence Analysis Services provide information for targeting the threat's forces and systems with direct and indirect lethal and non-lethal fires.
    
    CI-1058 ISR Collection Services
    The Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Collection Services provide functions to retrieve sensor capabilities, plan sensor usage, exercise command and control, and manage sensor observations.
    
    CI-1057 Intelligence Requirement Management Services
    The Intelligence Requirement Management (IRM) Services provide functions to access and manage information requirements, related information objects, their status and relationship to decision making. These services will also provide the means to generate and consume Requests for Information (RFIs). The services will allow for the management and tracking of requirements, and related information objects, throughout the intelligence cycle (direction, collection, processing, analysis, dissemination and feedback).
    
    CI-1056 Intelligence Production Services
    The Intelligence Production Services provide functions to correlate and fuse multi-source data, and analyze correlated and/or fused data for the purposes of battle damage assessment. The services support the production of information products required for decision making.
    
    CI-1059 ISR Exploitation Services
    The Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Exploitation Services provide functions to exploit collected ISR data. The services will provide the means to analyse and verify the collected data against the intelligence requirements. In support of analysis, the ISR Exploitation Services will support functions for the transformation, categorization, and matching of collected data.
    
    CI-1024 Collection Management Services
    The Collection Management Services provide functions to facilitate close collaboration with both Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and command staff to optimize the use of ISR collection assets.
  - CI-1041 Electromagnetic Warfare Functional Services
    The Electromagnetic Warfare (EW) Functional Services provide functions to manage EW operations with unique computing and information capabilities, including tools for EW threat assessment, response planning, and coordination of force deployment, and operational reporting. The services support the set of military activities that are conducted by designated forces to exploit the Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) by interception and identification of emissions, by preventing hostile use of the spectrum, and by actions to ensure its effective use by friendly forces in the Electromagnetic Environment (EME).
    CI-1035 Electromagnetic Warfare Planning Services
    The Electromagnetic Warfare (EW) Planning Services provide functions to build and analyse an EME estimate and assess impact of EME on planned operations. It supports the determination of EW capabilities required, available, and impacts for mission analysis and Course of Action (COA) development, analysis, and comparison and integration with the Operations Planning Process. Its is used to develop and disseminate EW aspects of orders and control measures for operations; to prioritize, deconflict, coordinate, integrate, synchronize EW activities and actions in component operations; and to determine impacts and opportunities to ongoing operations in the EME and enable dynamic operations changes.
    
    CI-1147 Electromagnetic Warfare Assessment Services
    The Electromagnetic Warfare (EW) Assessment Services provide the functions to assess the Electromagnetic Environment (EME)and its impact on operations; to monitor the EME for changes and updates to the Electronic Order of Battle (EOB); to identify impacts and opportunities in operations in the EME, operational reports and intel assessments; to estimate progress towards Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) superiority and the ability of EW to support component operations; predict effects of friendly-force, neutral actor, and adversary EMS activities on friendly operations; and to Identify and analyse collateral damage, the effectiveness of munitions, sensors, component EW actions, and identify gaps between real world EME and EME planning estimates.
    
    CI-1042 Electromagnetic Analysis Services
    The Electromagnetic Analysis Services provide functions to analyze and assess the observed and deployed emitters. The functions will include, but are not limited by: correlation, direction finding, coverage analysis, threat rings, lines of bearing, propagation estimates, effective range estimates, detection estimates, power estimates and bearings, etc. The services support the identification maintenance of an the authoritative, common Electromagnetic Warfare (EW) and Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) data repository containing technical descriptions of EMS-dependent systems in the Joint Area of Operations (JOA), operational assessments of adversary and neutral actor operations in the Electromagnetic Environment (EME), and the EMS aspects of adversary systems.
    
    CI-1043 Electromagnetic Emitter Services
    The Electromagnetic Emitter Services provide functions to access, manage and distribute parametric and related information about electromagnetic emitters. The emitter information is relevant to the conduct of Electromagnetic Warfare (EW) and Signals Intelligence. The services support the accumulation and management of the information lifecycle of Technical Intelligence (TECHINT) held on known emitters. It focuses on technological developments, and the performance and operational capabilities of materiel, which have or may eventually have a practical application for military purposes or impact operations.
    
    CI-1095 Recognized Electromagnetic Picture Services
    The Recognized Electromagnetic Picture (REMP) Services provide functions to generate the REMP through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources. The services support the identification and presentation of current environmental factors (terrain, weather, atmospheric, ionosphere, space), regulatory and operational factors, and friendly, neutral, and adversary forces impacting or expected to impact the Electromagnetic Environment (EME).
    
    CI-1039 Electronic Order of Battle Services
    The Electronic Order of Battle (EOB) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Electronic Order of Battle. The services identify and present friendly, neutral, and adversary Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS-dependent systems expected in the Area of Interest (AOI), their EMS parameters, location, times of operation, intended use, and operational status.
  - CI-1045 Environmental Functional Services
    The Environmental Services provide functions to manage the environmental support to operations with unique computing and information capabilities. Environmental support is the set of (military) activities that are undertaken to systematically observe and report the military significant aspects of the meteorological, hydrographic, oceanographic, and geographic characteristics of the area of operations.
    CI-1096 Recognized Environmental Picture Services
    The Recognized Environmental Picture (REP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognized Environmental Picture. These services provide the means produce a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the geospatial, oceanographic, hydrographic and meteorological environment through the combination, aggregation, correlation and fusion of data from multiple sources.
    
    CI-1051 Geography Services
    The Geography Services provide functions to access high-level spatial and temporal value-added information, and related computation functions. The services offer geographers the means to analyze the spatial and the temporal distribution of phenomena, processes, and features, as well as, the interaction of humans with their environment.
    
    CI-1073 Meteorology Services
    The Meteorology Services provide functions to access atmospheric information and weather forecasting algorithms. The services offer capabilities to manage and retrieve value added information relating to meteorological information.
    
    CI-1081 Oceanography Services
    The Oceanography Services provide functions to access high-level value-added information, and related computational functions required by oceanographers. The services assist oceanographers in the study and prediction of marine ecosystems dynamics, ocean currents, waves, geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries.
    
    CI-1052 Hydrography Services
    The Hydrography Services provide functions to access high-level and value-added information, and related computational functions required by hydrographers. The services assist hydrographers in mapping/charting the water's topographic features by measuring the depths, tides, and currents of a body of water, establishing the topography and morphology of seas, rivers, and lake beds.
    
    CI-1113 Space Weather Services
    The Space Weather Services provide functions to access high-level information and computational algorithms for forecasting weather in space. The services provide information and forecasts of conditions on the sun, in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life or health.
  - CI-1063 Logistics Functional Services
    The Logistics Functional Services provide functions to manage logistics support to operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of (military) activities that are undertaken for the planning and execution of the movement, sustainment, and maintenance of forces.
    CI-1099 Recognized Logistic Picture Services
    The Recognized Logistics Picture (RLP) Services provide functions to create, manage and disseminate the Recognized Logistics Picture. The services generate a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the logistics environment through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources. The elements comprising the RLP typically include, but are not limited to, the following: stock levels, including standard days of supply, by classes of supply in combined joint force and Host Nation Support (HNS - on which visibility has been granted); transportation capabilities; mission essential equipment; and status of the logistic support network.
    
    CI-1064 Logistics Planning Services
    The Logistics Planning Services provide functions to access, process and disseminate information related to threat environment; identified available logistic nodes; available infrastructure and its suitability for logistic operations; host-nation support capabilities and capacity; military interoperability and cooperation agreements; environmental protection; climate; and terrain. During each planning activity, logistic opportunities and limitations will be clear drivers when developing different courses of action (COAs). It is vital that the impact of logistic support on the proposed conduct of operations is clearly understood.
    
    CI-1078 Movement Services
    The Movement Services provide functions to access, process and disseminate information to coordinate and control movements to/from and within the theater of operations. This also includes reception, staging and onward movement (RSOM)/ rearward movement, staging and dispatch (RMSD) operations.
    
    CI-1013 Asset Tracking Services
    The Asset Tracking Services provide functions to automatically access, process and disseminate asset information pertaining to location, status, and condition of products, vehicles, and other assets. In addition, as the military has to deal with volatile supply chains which can be affected by adversaries, unpredictable events including adverse weather, natural disasters, geopolitical events, and many other factors.
  - CI-1070 Medical Functional Services
    The Medical Functional Services provide functions to collect and disseminate accurate, complete and timely information on medical issues and actions, some of which may be sensitive and involve legal liability. The management of medical data and information is a fundamental aspect of medical support. Adequate documentation of medical care given, health status and location of personnel and environmental threats is part of a continuum of patient treatment and care, and is therefore, a medical responsibility. The services deliver unique computing and information services to support medical command and control, to serve as an interface for the exchange of health information between different mission participants, and to allow clinical health data to be transmitted between mission participants.
    CI-1101 Recognized Medical Picture Services
    The Recognized Medical Picture (RMedP) Services provide functions to create, manage and disseminate the Recognized Medical Picture. Medical decision-making is dependent on the efficient, speedy processing of environmental, tactical, and casualty data. Such information is of fundamental importance in specialties such as epidemiology to enable early detection of disease outbreaks including the use of biological warfare agents (disease surveillance). The services generate a de-conflicted and agreed picture of the medical environment through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources.
    
    CI-1071 Medical Regulating Services
    The Medical Regulating Services provide functions to control and coordinate processes that ensure patients are evacuated from point of wounding or onset of disease through successive medical treatment facilities which are best capable of providing the required treatment. These services include managing of resources such as evacuation means and medical treatment facilities and also the tracking of patients as they are being moved through the medical evacuation and treatment chain.
    
    CI-1124 Teleconsultation Services
    The Teleconsultation Services provide functions to support provisioning of clinical health care from a distance, by facilitating the provisioning of offsite specialist medical advice and services (e.g. dental, mental health, cardiology, dermatology) and provides mechanism for exchange of medical specialty-specific data sets (e.g. heart and lung sounds, electrocardiograms, video and still images and electronic health records) between referring physician and remote specialists. The services supplement common collaboration and communications services such as VTC, chat and email. They can be used in critical care and emergency situations when specialist medical healthcare is not available on-site.
    
    CI-1018 Casualty Rate Estimation Services
    The Casualty Rate Estimation Services provide functions to estimate casualty rates based on various scenarios (e.g. conventional, CBRN). These services evaluate risk probabilities as well as provide confidence levels for these estimates.
    
    CI-1046 Epidemiology Services
    The Epidemiology Services provide functions to automate data management in support of health and disease surveillance, including the collection and management of health surveillance data summaries, final reports and investigations prepared for analysis and repository center.
    
    CI-1069 Medical Documentation Services
    The Medical Documentation Services provide functions to exchange electronic clinical records - also known as electronic health records (EHR), or electronic medical records (EMR) - across different medical stakeholders such as Medical Treatment Facilities (MTFs) to support continuity of care. The services support the systematized collection of patient and population stored health information in a digital format. Clinical records may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information. The minimum standardized data set of medical information must include the data elements relevant for patient regulating.
    
    CI-1128 Trauma Registry Services
    The Trauma Registry Services are designed to record, manage, and retrieve detailed information about patients treated for trauma injuries, with the goal of extracting lessons learned and enhancing patient care quality. Trauma injuries are sudden, severe injuries resulting from blunt force trauma, such as those sustained in explosions, vehicle accidents, falls, sports collisions, or gunshot wounds, which require immediate medical intervention. These services typically include managing patient demographic data, details of the specific injuries, the treatments administered, duration of hospitalization, and the outcomes of the treatments provided. The collected information supports continuous improvement in trauma care, benchmarking, and strategic planning to reduce mortality and enhance treatment protocols.
  - CI-1020 CIMIC Functional Services
    The Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Functional Services provide functions to manage CIMIC operations with unique computing and information capabilities. The services support the set of (military) activities that are undertaken to coordinate and cooperate, in support of the mission, between force commanders and civil actors, including the national population and local authorities, as well as international, national and non-governmental organizations and agencies.
    CI-1017 Behaviour Analysis Services
    The Behaviour Analysis Services provide functions to analyze current behaviour, and predict future behaviour, of civilian populations with respect to changes in environmental stimulus. The services utilize demographic information and specialized behaviour models to preform these analyses. The analysis will include the identification population segments, their location, key stimuli, predicted behaviour, and timeline for forthcoming activities and events.
    
    CI-1091 Pattern Analysis Services
    The Pattern Analysis Services provide functions to derive key factors, in real-time, from multiple information sources and compare them against predetermined patterns and thresholds for a match. Matched patterns will trigger an alert to inform key personnel to take action. These services will provide quick identification of changes in the environment that affect the civilian population. The alerting function supports a timely and measured response.
  - CI-1047 ETEE Functional Services
    The Education, Training, Exercises and Evaluation (ETEE) Functional Services provide functions to manage ETEE in general, and specifically the independent processes supported by Collective Training and Exercises (CT&E) Services, Evaluation and Verification Services, Lessons Learned Services and Education and Individual Training (E&IT) Services.
    
    CI-1151 Education and Individual Training Services
    The Education and Individual Training (E&IT) Services provide functions to support training and course development, production planning and quality assurance.
    CI-1161 E&IT Development Services
    The Education and Individual (E&IT) Development Services provide functions: to support the development of Strategic Training Plans (STP), Training Requirements Analysis (TRA) and Training Needs Analysis (TNA), and the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation of products following the Systems Approach to Training (SAT).
    
    CI-1162 E&IT Production Planning Services
    The Education and Individual (E&IT) Production Planning Services provide functions: to capture and consolidate training demands, programming and deliver course iterations, and evaluate plans and training programs.
    
    CI-1160 E&IT Quality Assurance Planning Services
    The Education and Individual (E&IT) Quality Assurance Planning Services provide functions: to plan and execute the accreditation of training institutions, and to establish the certification of training courses through reviews and assessments.
    
    CI-1148 Collective Training and Exercises Services
    The Collective Training and Exercises (CT&E) Services provide functions to support exercise programming, planning and management, as well as analysis and reporting.
    CI-1152 Exercise Programming Services
    The Exercise Programming Services provide functions: to develop, approve and promulgate guidance, requirements, and programming for military exercise programs (such as the Military Training and Exercise Program or MTEP), national participation, long term commitments, and directives.
    
    CI-1153 Exercise Planning and Management Services
    The Exercise Planning and Management Services provide functions: to develop, approve and promulgate exercise initiations and specifications, exercise planning; and to plan and execute exercise orders, event management, conduct of training blocks, observations, coordination and deconfliction.
    
    CI-1154 Exercise Analysis and Reporting Services
    The Exercise Analysis and Reporting Services provide functions: to plan and execute exercise evaluation, analysis and assessment; to collect exercise feedback; to prepare and issue analysis deliverables; and to disseminate relevant findings and key observations.
    
    CI-1149 Evaluation and Verification Services
    The Evaluation and Verification Services provide functions to support evaluation programming, planning and management, as well as analysis and reporting.
    CI-1155 Evaluation Programming Services
    The Evaluation Programming Services provide functions: to identify and prioritize evaluation and observation requirements; to align these requirements with resources; to synchronize evaluation and observation activities with plans; and to develop, approve and promulgate evaluation schemes.
    
    CI-1156 Evaluation Planning and Management Services
    The Evaluation Planning and Management Services provide functions: to develop, approve and promulgate specific and detailed evaluation designs, including a Specific Evaluation Directive (SED); to plan the coordination and deconfliction of evaluations; to manage observations; and to populate daily situation reports.
    
    CI-1157 Evaluation Analysis and Reporting Services
    The Evaluation Analysis and Reporting Services provide functions: to perform trend assessments; to prepare and issue analysis deliverables; to support certification; to develop, approve and promulgate evaluation reports; and to disseminate relevant findings and key observations.
    
    CI-1150 Lessons Learned Services
    The Lessons Learned Services provide functions to support lessons learned planning and management, as well as analysis and reporting.
    CI-1158 Lessons Learned Planning and Management Services
    The Lessons Learned Planning and Management Services provide functions: to develop, approve and promulgate collection plans; to observe, review and validate lessons, including their documentation; and to develop, approve and track remedial actions.
    
    CI-1159 Lessons Learned Analysis and Reporting Service
    The Lessons Learned Analysis and Reporting Services provide functions: to analyze and report on actions and decision resulting from lessons; to develop, approve and promulgate recommendations; and to share, implement and exploit lessons learned.
  - CI-1021 CIS Functional Services
    The Communications and Information Systems (CIS) Functional Services provide functions to implement and enforce Service Management and Control (SMC) and CIS Security measures and standards with a collection of SMC, CIS Security and Cyber Defence Services.
    CI-1093 Recognized CIS Picture Services
    The Recognized CIS Picture (RCISP) Services provide functions to produce, manage and disseminate the Recognized CIS Picture through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of CIS information from multiple sources. The services support the delivery of a joint CIS information product, compiled by the Service Management Authority (i.e. CJ6) in coordination with all involved service providers.
    
    CI-1028 Cyber Defence Services
    The Cyber Defence Services provide the means to plan, develop, disseminate, execute and manage cyber defence tasks and activities. These services will be coordinated with Cyberspace Domain Services.
    
    CI-1060 IT Service Management Services
    The Information Technology (IT) Service Management Services provide functions to manage design, plan, deliver, operate and control information and communication technology services offered to customers. This service type aggregates capabilities for User Management, Incident Management, Service Management, Service Catalog Management, Ordering, Inventory, Customer Management, and Problem Management.
    CI-1019 Change Management Services
    Change Management Services encompass processes and tools to effectively manage and control changes to the ICT environment. This involves planning, approval workflows, and communication to ensure that changes are implemented with minimal disruption and that the overall stability of ICT services is maintained. This service type supports IT Service Management processes by ensuring that standardized methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of all changes to control IT and Network infrastructure.
    
    CI-1139 Capacity and Performance Management Services
    Capacity and Performance Management Services focus on optimizing ICT resources by monitoring, analyzing, and managing capacity and performance. This service ensures that ICT infrastructure meets current and future demand efficiently.
    
    CI-1140 Configuration Management Services
    Configuration Management Services include the management and tracking of configuration items (CIs) in the ICT infrastructure. This service ensures that accurate and up-to-date information about the configuration of ICT components is maintained, contributing to effective change and incident management.
    
    CI-1131 ICT Asset Management Services
    Asset Management Services encompass tracking and managing ICT assets throughout their lifecycle. This includes procurement, deployment, maintenance, and retirement of assets, ensuring optimal utilization and compliance with licensing agreements.
    
    CI-1129 ICT Knowledge Management Services
    ICT Knowledge Management Services are dedicated to creating, organizing, and maintaining a knowledge base that contains valuable information for incident resolution, troubleshooting, and user support.
    
    CI-1136 Incident Management Services
    Incident Management Services focus on the timely detection, recording, and resolution of incidents that disrupt normal service operations. This includes the logging of incidents, classification based on urgency and impact, and the implementation of swift resolutions to minimize downtime and restore services promptly.
    
    CI-1137 Monitoring and Event Management Services
    Monitoring and Event Management Services involve real-time monitoring of ICT services and infrastructure. This service includes the proactive identification of events, alerting, and response mechanisms to maintain optimal performance and address issues promptly.
    
    CI-1135 Problem Management Services
    Problem Management Services are dedicated to identifying and addressing the root causes of recurring incidents. This service involves thorough analysis, root cause identification, and the implementation of long-term solutions to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future.
    
    CI-1134 Release and Deployment Management Services
    Release and Deployment Management Services involve planning, coordinating, and deploying service and software releases and updates. This service ensures smooth transitions, minimal disruptions, and the effective communication of changes to end-users and stakeholders.
    
    CI-1132 Service Catalog Management Services
    Service Catalog Management Services involve designing, maintaining, and updating the service catalog. This catalog provides users with a centralized and user-friendly list of available ITC services, promoting transparency and efficient service request fulfillment.
    
    CI-1133 Service Level Management Services
    Service Level Management Services focus on defining, monitoring, and reporting on service level agreements (SLAs) to meet user expectations and business requirements. This includes setting performance targets, measuring service performance, and ensuring alignment with organizational priorities.
    
    CI-1138 User Access Management Services
    User Access Management Services focus on managing user access, permissions, and authentication to ICT services and resources. This service ensures that users have the appropriate levels of access. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) are two distinct models used in the context of User Access Management Services to govern and control ubser access to resources.
    
    CI-1114 Spectrum Management Services
    The Spectrum Management Services provide functions to assign, regulate and police the assignment of Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. The services support the aim to maximize the utilization of RF spectrum, while avoiding interference and and pollution of the RF spectrum.
    
    CI-1002 Advanced Threat Management Services
    The Advanced Threat Management Services provide functions to collect data, process data into data objects and control that the process is followed.
    
    CI-1038 Electronic Key Management Services
    The Electronic Key Management Services (EKMS) provide functions to centrally manage electronic cryptography keys, including related accounting, distribution and technologies. The services also support entities that use key material by producing and consuming the keys in common key formats.
    
    CI-1106 Security Information and Event Management Services
    The Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Services provide functions to combine support of security information management and security event management to provide real-time analysis of security alerts generated by service assets (e.g. user applications, IT services and communications equipment), to identify security threats, detect and prevent breaches, and provide forensic analysis. The services also support logging and analysis of security data and generation of reports for compliance purposes.
    CI-1142 Log Management Services
    Log Management Services are essential for collecting, storing, and organizing log data generated across an organization’s IT environment, including network devices, servers, applications, endpoints, and cloud environments. These services provide a centralized repository where logs are securely retained and indexed, making it easier for security teams to search, retrieve, and analyze log data for threat detection, troubleshooting, and compliance purposes. Log Management Services support the integrity and availability of logs, allowing organizations to meet auditing and regulatory requirements and providing a basis for advanced security analytics and forensics.
    
    CI-1141 Security Anomaly Detection Services
    Security Anomaly Detection Services are designed to monitor and analyze vast amounts of security and operational data in real-time. Security Anomaly Detection Services establishe behavioral baselines by analysing historical data, then applying machine learning models and statistical analysis to detect deviations from these baselines. When an anomaly is detected, the service can assign a risk score, generate alerts, and trigger automated or manual response actions, thus enabling proactive security operations.
    
    CI-1143 Security Data Aggregation Services
    Security Data Aggregation Services are responsible for consolidating and unifying security-relevant data from a variety of sources, such as endpoint security tools, firewalls, network monitoring systems, threat intelligence feeds, and log data repositories. This service centralizes correlation, analysis, and incident detection, forming the foundation for threat intelligence and comprehensive visibility into the security landscape. Data Aggregation Services ensure that data is continuously updated, normalized, and enriched with contextual information, facilitating a complete and actionable security overview for proactive threat detection.
- CI-1022 COI-Enabling Services
  The Community of Interest (COI)-Enabling Services provide functions to support COI-dependent activities that are required by more than one community of interest. These services are similar to Business Support Services in that they provide building blocks for domain-specific service development; the distinction between the two is that Business Support Services provide generic COI-independent functions for the entire enterprise (e.g. collaboration and information management services) and that COI-Enabling Services provide those COI-dependant functions that are typically shared by a group of communities (e.g. operational planning and situational awareness capabilities). Another distinction is that COI-Enabling Services tend to be specific for Consultation, Command and Control (C3) processes whereas Business Support Services tend to be more generic and can be used by any business or enterprise.
  - CI-1109 Situational Awareness Services
    The Situational Awareness (SA) Services provide functions to support the knowledge of the elements in the battlespace required by a military commander to plan operations and exercise command and control and make well-informed decisions. The major components of Situational Awareness include an understanding of the status and disposition of the adversary, friendly forces, and the operational environment.
    CI-1102 Recognized Picture Services
    The Recognized Picture Services provide functions to create, manage and disseminate recognized pictures to monitor and plan operations, enabling situational awareness and supporting decision making. The services support the generation of a de-conflicted and agreed picture through the collection, aggregation, correlation and fusion of information from multiple sources.
    
    CI-1175 Situational Alert Management Services
    The Situational Alert Management Services provide functions to create, update, manage and configure situational alerts to the operator for various events, such as missile/rocket launch events.
    
    CI-1090 Overlay Services
    The Overlay Services provide functions to collect battlespace information from multiple sources for the purpose of geographic visualization, including annotation of maps and images. The services support the information exchange of battlespace information so that it can be unambiguously rendered by command and control (C2) and Situational Awareness (SA) applications, and understood by humans.
    
    CI-1117 Symbology Services
    The Symbology Services provide functions to render standard military or mission specific symbology sets and to disseminate the rendered images as overlays on maps or as standalone illustrations.
  - CI-1088 Operations Planning Services
    The Operations Planning Services provide functions to facilitate the collaborative development of plans and orders detailing the means to achieve a desired end state by employing available resources. Collaborative planning requires the decomposition of a plan to be defined and implemented by subordinated units. Once a plan is converted into an order and authorized, it is disseminated to the subordinated units for execution.
    CI-1034 Deployment Plan Services
    The Deployment Plan Services provide functions to create and manage Detailed Deployment Plans (DDP) which describe the planned movement of military units in support of an operation in accordance with the commanders requirements. They support the synchronization of resources to ensure the right units, equipment, supplies, and capabilities arrive in the correct order at the appropriate locations to avoid saturation of nodes and Lines of Communication (LOC). The services also provide the means for the coordination of air, sea, rail and road movements, tracking, reprioritization and re-routing. It supports alternative routes and the assessment of the implications and results of such alternatives, providing deconfliction and validation of plans feasibility.
    
    CI-1026 Courses of Action Services
    The Courses of Action (COAs) Services provide functions to develop, update, validate, wargame and compare COAs. A Course of Action is an option that during the estimate process, contributes to the accomplishment of a task and from which a detailed plan is developed.
    
    CI-1118 Synchronization Matrix Services
    The Synchronization Matrix Services provide functions to facilitate the development of a timeline of planned effect, tasks, objectives and the phasing information within a Course of Action (COA). The services identify potential interdependencies between events. During the execution of an operation these services support the comparison of actual operational data with the selected COA to ensure efforts are actually aligned and effective.
    
    CI-1089 Order of Battle Services
    The Order of Battle (ORBAT) Services provide functions to manage and share the military organizational structures including all command relationships, rotation of forces, transfer of authority and changes to these factors over time. The services support the management of updates such as the transfer of a force that moves out of the ORBAT while another unit moves in.
    
    CI-1082 Operation Plan Development Services
    The Operation Plan Development Services provide functions to create and manage strategic, operational and tactical Operation Plans (OPLANs), including the development of Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and provisional Combined Joint Statement of Requirements (CJSOR).
    
    CI-1119 Targeting Services
    The Targeting Services provide functions to select and prioritize targets, while matching the appropriate target response. The services support information about entities and objects considered for possible engagement or action. This may be an area, structure, object, person or group of people against which lethal or non-lethal capability can be employed to create specific psychological or physical effects to support objectives, guidance, and intent.
  - CI-1122 Tasking and Order Services
    The Tasking and Order Services provide functions to develop and manage tasks and orders for operational forces. The services take into account national caveats, resource requirements and availability.
    CI-1103 Resource Allocation Services
    The Resource Allocation Services provide functions to support the development, management and dissemination of resource allocations. The services utilize Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Performance (MOPs) as optimizing criteria and constraints. These services allow the specification of rules for automatic allocation of tasks to units and equipment.
    
    CI-1104 Resource Request Services
    The Resource Request Services provide functions to develop, disseminate and manage resource requests. The services offer functionality to analyze and collate resource requests so that they are prioritized considering the competing needs, the associated risks and return on investment.
    
    CI-1085 Operations Estimation Services
    The Operations Estimation Services provide functions to analyze the resources needed to achieve success in the execution of an operation or task under certain constraints. An operation or a task is achieved successfully when the objectives and effects set by the commander are met.
    
    CI-1084 Operations Assessment Services
    The Operations Assessment Services provide functions to support assessment during the execution of operations. The services calculate the Measures of Effectiveness (MoE) and Measures of Performance (MoP) from operational data to determine how well an operation is progressing toward the desired effects, objectives and end state.
    
    CI-1087 Operations Order Services
    The Operations Order Services provide functions to create, manage, disseminate, track and view digital representation of the Operation Order (OPORD), Warning Order (Wng O) and Fragmentary Orders (FRAGOs).
    
    CI-1123 Tasking Services
    The Tasking Services provide functions to construct and issue tasking, to receive responses from assets and to track the execution of the task.
  - CI-1086 Operations Information Services
    The Operations Information Services provide functions to discover, identify, access and disseminate operationally relevant information and data. This information includes, but is not limited to, Battlespace Objects, Battlespace Events and Tracks.
    CI-1015 Battlespace Event Services
    The Battlespace Event Services provide functions to deliver, identify, store, retrieve and modify data about an incident, phenomenon or occasion of military significance in the battle-space for which planning is not known. The services also offer the means to maintain record of actions of own troops, enemy activity, illegal activities (such as IED finds), natural disasters and major accidents which happen in a particular time and place and impact (affect) someone or something (objective).
    
    CI-1016 Battlespace Object Services
    The Battlespace Object Services provide functions to discover, identify, store, retrieve and modify data about an object (facility, feature, organization, person or materiel), address or location (point, line, surface or volume) of military significance in the battle-space. These services enable the use of unique references of the aforementioned battlespace objects (BSOs) for operational plans and orders, reports and returns, orders of battle (ORBAT), and other aspects of command and control.
    
    CI-1127 Track Management Services
    The Track Management Services provide functions to collect and monitor the position, course, speed and general characteristics of relevant entities in near-real time to enhance Situational Awareness (SA) and Command and Control (C2). The services allow for the combination identification, correlation, processing and dissemination of all tracks. They support the management of tracks received from available sensors or other sources while allowing for consumer-driven filters to be applied when required.
    
    CI-1126 Track Distribution Services
    The Track Distribution Services provide functions to disseminate track data, aimed to enable scalable, near-real-time, dependable, high-performance and interoperable data exchanges. In this context, a track is the representation of a moving object in terms of its position, course, speed and general characteristics. Track information generally comes from external sources or sensors.
    
    CI-1033 Data Exchange Monitoring Services
    The Data Exchange Monitoring Services (DEMS) provide functions to monitor, measure and assess connectivity, quality of data exchanges and information flows between Community of Interest (COI) Services.
  - CI-1163 Spatiotemporal Reference Services
    The Spatiotemporal Reference Services provide functions to support accurate, real-time information about an object’s location, movement, and timing within a standardized coordinate and time reference framework, also known as "Positioning, Navigation and Timing" (PNT). The services combine spatial data (such as position and trajectory) with temporal data (precise time and synchronization) to support a wide range of applications, including navigation, mapping, surveying, geospatial analysis, communications, transportation management, and coordinated operations in both civilian and military contexts.
    CI-1164 Positioning Reference Services
    The Positioning Reference Services provide functions to determine and disseminate an exact location in a defined coordinate system, such as latitude, longitude, and altitude on Earth. It uses reference frameworks like WGS-84 and relies on technologies such as GNSS, inertial sensors, or triangulation from known points. Accurate positioning provides the foundation for mapping, tracking, and spatial awareness.
    
    CI-1165 Navigation Reference Services
    The Navigation Reference Services provide functions to determine and disseminate a path from one location to another. It combines positioning with movement data such as direction, speed and arrival time, in support of route planning and guidance of users or systems towards a destination. In three coordinate navigation, the elements of altitude, elevation or depth must also be expressed.
    
    CI-1166 Timing Reference Services
    The Timing Reference Services provide functions to establish a precise measurement and synchronization of time. In PNT systems, timing ensures that positioning and navigation calculations are accurate, as timing errors will translate into significant spatial errors. Beyond location services, precise timing is critical for coordinating communications, business transactions, power grids, and more.
  - CI-1077 Modelling and Simulation Services
    The Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Services provide functions to manage M&S support to operations with unique computing and information capabilities, including the means to manage, compose and control simulation resources. The services support the set of activities that are undertaken to use models, emulators, simulators, and stimulators, to develop data in support of decision making.
    CI-1108 Simulation Control Services
    The Simulation Control Services provide functions to apply a set of parameters and information to a given model and calculate the output. The input information can be either static or dynamic, with the dynamic information being the result of other processes, systems or simulations. The services offer control over the execution of the model as required by the consumer. The outputs of the model execution are provided to the consumer.
    
    CI-1107 Simulation Composition Services
    The Simulation Composition Services provide functions to select, assemble, verify, and execute Modelling and Simulation (M&S) compositions, which can orchestrate multiple simulations that can be assembles into a more complex whole. These compositions may involve both concurrent and sequential execution of individual simulations, where the output of one may serve as the input to another. Compositions are reusable and composable, allowing complex simulations to be constructed hierarchically to meet specific user requirements.
    
    CI-1053 Simulation Model Registry Services
    The Simulation Model Registry Services provide functions to manage the metadata describing resources in the Repository, including service interfaces, QoS, versioning, security, provenance, and model parameters. These services support discovery, semantic understanding, and composability by offering structured information that enables effective use of simulation components.
    
    CI-1074 Simulation Model Repository Services
    The Simulation Model Repository Services provide functions to store, retrieve, and manage all simulation resources - models, applications, services, and data - regardless of type or purpose. The services support the reuse of these assets across simulations. For models, the repository includes detailed elements such as inputs, outputs, behaviors, and constraints, ensuring authoritative and executable components are available.
    
    CI-1076 Modelling and Simulation Integration Services
    The Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Integration Services provide functions to configure and integrate modelling and simulation activities into service architectures.
    
    CI-1075 Modelling and Simulation Infrastructure Services
    The Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Infrastructure Services provide functions to build and maintain an infrastructure environment for modelling and simulation activities.

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